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The Operating System of the Raspberry Pi. Runs on Debian, a flavor of Linux.

Standard configuration

Install

  1. Download image here
  2. Enable SSH by placing a ssh file in the boot partition
  3. Create userconf.txt in the boot partition containing username:password, generated using echo 'MYPASSWORD' | openssl passwd -6 -stdin. On Windows, you can use the Git Bash.
  4. Boot
  5. Change root password with sudo passwd
  6. Config with sudo raspi-config
  7. Change swap size if needed - Source
    1. Stop swap sudo dphys-swapfile swapoff
    2. Edit sudo nano /etc/dphys-swapfile and change CONF_SWAPSIZE=100
    3. Setup new swap sudo dphys-swapfile setup
    4. Start swap sudo dphys-swapfile swapon
    5. Reboot

Check also common Linux setup in the Linux page!

Manage IP address / DHCP

  1. Edit sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
  2. At the bottom, uncomment and change interface eth0 and following
  3. If you want to use Cloudflare DNS: static domain_name_servers=1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 2606:4700:4700::1111 2606:4700:4700::1001

Overclock

  1. CPU: in raspi-config
  2. SD card:
    • sudo bash -c 'printf "dtoverlay=sdhost,overclock_50=100\n" >> /boot/config.txt' - Source
    • sudo cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/ios to check the clock

Date & Time

Raspberry OS manage time with timedatectl: * Show existing date & time: date * Show status timedatectl status * Enable NTP timedatectl set-ntp True then restart the NTP service sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service

Software install

Docker

  1. Download docker install script curl -sSL https://get.docker.com >> docker.sh
  2. Run the script sh ./docker.sh
  3. Add pi user to docker group sudo usermod -aG docker pi
  4. Log-out and log-in

Duplicati

Install on Raspberry Pi OS

  1. Install Mono Framework sudo apt install mono-complete ca-certificates-mono
  2. Sync certificates sudo cert-sync /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt
  3. wget the download .deb. from the Duplicati website
  4. Install sudo apt install ./duplicati*.deb or sudo dpkg -i duplicati*.deb
  5. Check for additional missing dependencies sudo apt -f install
  6. Allow Duplicati in the firewall sudo ufw allow 8200
  7. Set up Duplicati as a service
    1. Edit new file sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/duplicati.service

    2. Copy-paste the service file content: ```bash [Unit] Description=Duplicati After=network.target

      [Service] Nice=19 IOSchedulingClass=idle EnvironmentFile=-/etc/default/duplicati ExecStart=/usr/bin/duplicati-server $DAEMON_OPTS Restart=always

      [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target 1. Edit file `sudo nano /etc/default/duplicati` 1. Replace the last line of the initscript content: `DAEMON_OPTS="--webservice-interface=any --webservice-port=8200 --portable-mode"` 1. Enable and start the Duplicati service sudo systemctl enable duplicati.service sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl start duplicati.service
      sudo systemctl status duplicati.service `` 1. If wished, set-up system-wide backup: * Source data:/etc, /home, /root, /varexcluding/var/lock/, /var/runand *Temporary file* * Options:zip-compression-level: 1- default on Linux is 6, but this slow down the Raspberry Pi * If only upload, in order to help the Raspberry Pi *asynchronous-concurrent-upload-limit:1 *asynchronous-upload-limit:1`

Sources:

Samba - Windows Share

  1. Install it sudo apt install samba samba-common-bin
  2. Create a share on root directory sudo mkdir -m 1777 /share
    • 1 is sticky bit
    • 777 is everyone permission to r/w/e
  3. Edit samba configuration sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
    • Add at the bottom of the file [share] Comment = share Path = /share Browseable = yes Writeable = Yes guest only = no create mask = 0777 directory mask = 0777 valid users = joe, greg
    • This set up a r/w share only for joe and greg users
    • Check all options here
  4. Add a user
    1. Create a new UNIX user sudo adduser joe
    2. Add user to samba sudo smbpasswd -a joe
  5. Add samba to ufw exception, if you have it sudo ufw allow Samba
  6. Restart samba sudo samba restart

Create an Access Point

Unadvised: just use OpenWrt on the Raspberry Pi! From this guide: 1. Install dependencies:

```sh
sudo apt install hostapd
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
sudo systemctl enable hostapd
sudo apt install dnsmasq
sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt install -y netfilter-persistent iptables-persistent
```

  1. Edit sudo nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf:

    conf interface wlan0 static ip_address=192.168.4.1/24 static routers=192.168.4.1 static domain_name_servers=1.1.1.2 1.0.0.2 nohook wpa_supplicant

  2. Edit sudo nano /etc/sysctl.d/routed-ap.conf and/or in /etc/sysctl.conf:

    ```conf

    Enable IPv4 routing

    net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 ```

  3. Update iptables

    sh sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE sudo netfilter-persistent save

  4. Configure dnsmasq

    1. Copy the original file sudo mv /etc/dnsmasq.conf /etc/dnsmasq.conf.orig

    2. Edit sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf

      conf interface=wlan0 # Listening interface dhcp-range=192.168.4.2,192.168.4.20,255.255.255.0,24h # Pool of IP addresses served via DHCP domain=wlan # Local wireless DNS domain address=/gw.wlan/192.168.4.1 # Alias for this routerconf

  5. sudo rfkill unblock wlan

  6. Change below to your liking and update sudo nano /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

    conf country_code=GB interface=wlan0 ssid=NameOfNetwork hw_mode=g #g = 2.4 GHz, a = 5 GHz channel=7 macaddr_acl=0 auth_algs=1 ignore_broadcast_ssid=0 wpa=2 wpa_passphrase=AardvarkBadgerHedgehog wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK wpa_pairwise=TKIP rsn_pairwise=CCMP

  7. sudo reboot and enjoy!

For some troubleshooting help:

  • Check sudo systemctl status hostapd.service, wpa_supplicant.service and dnsmasq.service if you have troubles
  • If error with hostapd: unmask the service, or rfkill unblock wlan and then rfkill list wlan to check
  • If error with dnsmasq.service::
    • Check configuration sudo nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf, last line should look like dhcp-option=6,1.1.1.2,1.0.0.2 and not have a , at the end
    • If DHCP packet received on wlan0 which has no address, check ifconfig and try to manually set the IP sudo ifconfig wlan0 192.168.4.1
  • If no internet on device, try to reapply firewall setting: sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE

Cloudflared

Cloudflare's daemon to connect to Cloudflare Tunnel and other things.

The current package cannot install on Rasberry Pi 1 or 2, because the architecture of the package isn't labeled correctly.

Just install it manually:

wget https://github.com/cloudflare/cloudflared/releases/latest/download/cloudflared-linux-arm
sudo cp ./cloudflared-linux-arm /usr/local/bin/cloudflared
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cloudflared
cloudflared -v